The nickname is considered complimentary, not derogatory. The word was coined by Nicaraguans and derives from the last name of the Spanish Honduran General Florencio Xatruch, who in 1857 led Honduran armed forces against an attempted invasion by North American adventurer William Walker. Hondurans are often referred to as Catracho or Catracha (fem) in Spanish. Another early name is Guaymuras, revived as the name for the political dialogue in 2009 that took place in Honduras as opposed to Costa Rica. Prior to 1580, Honduras referred to only the eastern part of the province, and Higueras referred to the western part. It was not until the end of the 16th century that Honduras was used for the whole province. The name could either refer to the bay of Trujillo as an anchorage, fondura in the Leonese dialect of Spain, or to Columbus's alleged quote that 'Gracias a Dios que hemos salido de esas honduras' ('Thank God we have departed from those depths'). The literal meaning of the term 'Honduras' is 'depths' in Spanish. 2.5 20th century and the role of American companies.Honduras is known for its rich natural resources, including minerals, coffee, tropical fruit, and sugar cane, as well as for its growing textiles industry, which serves the international market. Its northern portions are part of the western Caribbean zone, as reflected in the area's demographics and culture. Honduras spans about 112,492В km 2 (43,433В sqВ mi) and has a population exceeding 9 million. The nation had a relatively high political stability until its 2009 coup and again with the 2017 presidential election. Honduran society is predominantly Mestizo however, American Indian, black and white individuals also live in Honduras (2017). When adjusted for income inequality, its Inequality-adjusted Human Development Index is 0.443. Honduras has a Human Development Index of 0.625, classifying it as a nation with medium development. The lower class is primarily agriculturally based while wealth is concentrated in the country's urban centers. The nation's economy is primarily agricultural, making it especially vulnerable to natural disasters such as Hurricane Mitch in 1998. In 1960, the northern part of what was the Mosquito Coast was transferred from Nicaragua to Honduras by the International Court of Justice. Honduras became independent in 1821 and has since been a republic, although it has consistently endured much social strife and political instability, and remains one of the poorest countries in the Western Hemisphere.

The Spanish introduced Roman Catholicism and the now predominant Spanish language, along with numerous customs that have blended with the indigenous culture. Honduras was home to several important Mesoamerican cultures, most notably the Maya, before the Spanish Colonization in the sixteenth century. Its capital and largest city is Tegucigalpa. The republic of Honduras is bordered to the west by Guatemala, to the southwest by El Salvador, to the southeast by Nicaragua, to the south by the Pacific Ocean at the Gulf of Fonseca, and to the north by the Gulf of Honduras, a large inlet of the Caribbean Sea. Honduras, officially the Republic of Honduras, is a country in Central America. Population estimates explicitly take into account the effects of excess mortality due to AIDS this can result in lower life expectancy, higher infant mortality and death rates, lower population and growth rates, and changes in the distribution of population by age and sex than would otherwise be expected, as of July 2007.

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